PDF

Why is my PDF so large, and how do I shrink it?

Images are almost always the reason. A single page scanned in colour at 300 dpi can be 2–4 MB on its own, while the same page stored as text is a few kilobytes. Compressing a PDF re-encodes those images at lower quality, which is lossy and permanent — so work on a copy. If a text-only PDF is huge, it is usually a scan pretending to be text, and compression is the wrong fix.

How to tell which kind of PDF you have

Try to select a word with your finger or cursor. If a text selection appears, the page is real text and it is already small. If you can only draw a box around the whole page, it is an image — and that is where your megabytes are.

This one test decides everything that follows. Text PDFs barely respond to compression; scanned PDFs can often drop by 70–90% with no visible difference at reading size.

What quality setting to choose

For documents meant to be read rather than printed, medium quality is almost always enough. Text stays crisp because the compression artefacts appear in smooth areas, not on high-contrast edges. Go to the lowest setting only for throwaway copies — receipts you are emailing once.

If the document will be printed or archived, keep the original and send the compressed copy. Compression cannot be undone.

Things that do not shrink a PDF

Renaming, zipping (PDFs are already compressed internally, so a zip saves almost nothing), and deleting bookmarks. People try all three. The size is in the pixels.

One real saving that is often missed: if a scan is in colour but the original is black text on white paper, converting to greyscale before compressing removes two thirds of the data before any quality loss is involved.

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